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Fugitive Emission Test Procedure
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Fugitive Emission Test Procedure

What is a Fugitive Emission Test?

A fugitive emission test is a procedure of testing harmful gases or gaseous vapors in an industrial zone due to leaks or accidents. Fugitive emission test procedure is performed using helium (He) or methane (CH4) gas based on the method. The term “Fugitive” is used widely because these emissions are not considered and calculated during the design of the equipment and its components.

fugitive emissions testing procedure- perfect pollucon services
Fugitive Emissions Testing Procedure- Perfect Pollucon Services

When is a Fugitive Emission Test Required?

It is recommended to conduct a Fugitive emission test before the installation of valves and at regular intervals to avoid leakage of hazardous gas or vapour into the environment. It can also be done in case of any incident near valves to make sure everything is fine.

What is Low Fugitive Emission (LFE) ?

As per American Petroleum Institute (API), Low fugitive emission or low leaking means either no or very minimal (100 ppm till 5 years) leakage from the valve. Please note that EPA Has not defined any standards for Low Fugitive Emissions.

Read more about Fugitive Emission Monitoring and Testing

Fugitive Emission Test Procedure

There are 4 major types of fugitive emissions test methods:

Vacuum Method

In Fugitive Emission test method helium is used as the testing medium to measure the overall leak rate from the stem seal using a helium mass spectrometer. In this procedure, the leak source is enclosed in a tight vacuum container, which is evacuated and then connected to a helium mass spectrometer.

Flushing Method

In Fugitive emission test procedure, pressurized Helium or Methane is used to measure the total leak rate of the stem sealing system. The leak source is enclosed by a flush chamber, a flush gas is passed through that chamber and it is allowed to be mixed with the leaking fluid from the stem packing. Then this mixture is passed through exhaust line and based on the concentration of leak fluid and flush gas leakage volume is calculated in ppmv unit

Learn more about Professional Air Quality Testing

Bagging Method

This is the revised version of the Flushing method and in this method, only Helium is used to measure the total leak rate using Helium Mass Spectrometer. The leak source is enclosed by a bag volume i.e. air is passed through the bag and then is mixed with leak fluid from the stem packing. This mixture is analyzed by Helium mass spectrometer through a constant flow rate detector probe or sniffer.

Sniffing Method

In Fugitive Emission test procedure, Helium as fluid is used to measure Helium concentration due to emission from stem sealing and body sealing using a detector probe or sniffer. In the case of Methane as a testing fluid, the process remains the same but instead of a Helium leak detector, VOC Detector is used.

Fugitive Emission Test Standards:

Various organizations have came up with Fugitive Emissions Testing Standards such as API, EPA, ISO, MESC, ANSI, etc. to assess the performance of valve packing and valve emissions. There has been many discussions on various forums about comparison of standards from all agencies.

Amongst all Agencies, Fugitive Emission Testing Standards from API and ISO are widely used. ISO 15848 is very popular as it describes measurement, test and qualification procedures for fugitive emissions at industrial valves.

ISO 15848-1 is a classification system and a qualification procedures for type Fugitive Emissions testing of valves. ISO 15848-2 specifies production acceptance test of valves for valve manufacturer.

Below is the comparison of various prescribed fugitive emissions testing standards as per ISO and API:

Comparison FactorISO 15848-1ISO 15848-2API 622API 624API 641
Current Revision:1st 2006-01-151st: 2006-08-15Oct. 2nd, 2011In process of 1st publication`Oct. 2016
Qualifies:Valve DesignProductionPackingValve DesignValve design
Testing type/ Production acceptanceType TestingProduction AccpetanceType testingType testingType testing
EPA Method 21 compliant:YesYesYesYesyes
Pre-Requisite:NoneISO 15848-1 qualified valve designNoneAPI 622 qualified packingAPI 622 qulified packing
Test Medium:Helium or MethaneHeliumMethaneMethanemethane
Packing Tested in:ValveValveFixtureValveValve
Test Pressure:Rated Valve Pressure at Test Temperature per ASME B16.346 bar (87 psi)0-600 psiThe lower of 600 psi or maximum allowable pressure at 500°F (260°C) per B16.34As per Valve group A, B, C, D, E
Test Temperature:As pertemperature chart table -196°C, -46°C, Room temp. , 200°C and 400°CAmbientAmbient and 500°F (260°C)Ambient and 500°F (260°C)As per Valve group A, B, C, D, E
Mechanical Cycles:For Isolating Valve: CO: 205 CO2: 1500 CO3 : 2500 For Control Valve CC1: 20,000 CO2: 60,000 CO3: 10,00051,510310610
Thermal Cycles:Variable[1]0533
Leakage measurement MethodVaccum, Flushing, Bagging, Sniffing,SniffingN/AsniffingSniffing
Allowable Packing Adjustments:1 (during testing only)0Packing adjustment allowed if leakage exceed 500 ppm00
Measured Units:mg/sec-mppmppmppmppmv
Acceptance Criteria:As per tightness class: For stem seal: fluid helium Class AH: 10-5 mg/s-m Class BH: 10-4 mg/s-m Class CH: 10-2 mg/s-m For Stem seal: Fluid- Methane Class AM: 50 ppmv Class BM: 100 ppmv Class CM: 600 ppmv From body joint seal: 50 ppmvFor Stem seal: Fluid- Methane Class A: 50 ppmv Class B: 100 ppmv Class C: 600 ppmv From body joint seal: 50 ppmv500 ppm100 ppm100 ppm
Qualification Coverage:Same basic design Stem Diameters: 50% lower and 200% higher. Pressure class: Same class and lower[4].N/A, Because each and every valve need to be testedPacking Only–1. Te, Pe, Pa valves are less than or equal to the valves specified in perticular applicable group 2. Stem diameters are from half to twice the tested valve diameter 3. height of stem seal is between 75% to 125% of existing tested valve
Fugitive Emission Test Standard

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Perfect Pollucon Services offers services in Air quality Testing for Indoor and Outdoor, Stack Emissions Monitoring, Noise level testing, Water testing. Contact us for more information.

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Fugitive Emission Test Procedure